Method, Apparatus and System for Determining the Presence of a User at a Device Such as a Gaming Machine

ABSTRACT

A method and system for verifying the continued presence of the same player at a device such as a gaming machine without identifying the identity of the player is provided. The system comprises a device for continuously obtaining verification data samples, wherein each verification data sample relates to one or more physical features of a first player. A subsequently obtained verification data sample is analyzed to determine whether it is substantially similar to a previously obtained verification data sample. If the subsequent verification data sample is substantially similar to the previously obtained verification data sample, then the system determines that the first player continues to be the same player present at the gaming machine.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 13/609,731 filed Sep. 11, 2012 and titled “Method, Apparatus andSystem for Determining the Presence of a User at a Device Such as aGaming Machine” which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/232,890 filed Sep. 14, 2011 and entitled “Method, Apparatus andSystem for Determining the Presence of a User at a Device Such as aGaming Machine” and now U.S. Pat. No. 8,317,609 which is a continuationof U.S. application Ser. No. 11/212,532 filed Aug. 25, 2005 and entitled“PLAYER VERIFICATION SYSTEM” and now U.S. Pat. No. 8,047,914.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to a system and method forverifying the presence of a user.

BACKGROUND

Currently there are various ways to monitor and track player activity ina casino environment. One common method for monitoring casino players isvia a player tracking system. Typically, these systems use cards toidentify players and the player inserts the card before playing a gameon the casino gaming machine. The player tracking system uses theinformation stored on the card to identify the player. Once the playertracking system identifies the player, the system then monitors theplayer's gaming habits. This includes recording player wagered amountsand the rate at which the player plays the games, and the like. Datarelating to the player's gaming habits is then stored in a playertracking system database and/or on the player tracking card.Additionally, the player tracking cards can store player biographicinformation, such as player name, address, birth date, and the like.

Despite the advantages of using player tracking cards, there areproblems associated with the use of such cards. One problem arises whena first player walks away from a gaming machine without first retrievingthe card he inserted into the machine when play began. When a secondplayer begins playing on the same gaming machine, the player habits ofthe second player will be attributed to the first player. Anotherproblem occurs when a first player allows a second person to use thefirst player's tracking card. In this scenario, the first player accruestracking points that are not actually earned by him as the playertracking system inaccurately records and associates the data as firstplayer information. Additionally, another problem occurs when a playertemporarily stops playing the machine. The player has a certain amountof time to resume play, or else the playing session may be ended by theplayer tracking system and the player loses “time of play” credit.

What is needed, therefore, is a system able to periodically andnon-intrusively verify that the same player is continuing to play duringa particular gaming session.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Briefly, and in general terms, various embodiments for verifying thecontinued presence of a machine operator are disclosed herein. Oneembodiment is directed to a method for verifying the continued presenceof a player at a gaming machine during a gaming session. The methodcomprises activating a gaming session on a gaming machine and triggeringa mechanism to continuously obtain verification data samples. Theverification data samples relate to one or more physical features of afirst player. A first verification data sample is obtained from a firstplayer and designated as a reference template. A second verificationdata sample is then obtained during the gaming session and is analyzedto determine whether the second verification data sample issubstantially similar to the reference template. If the secondverification data sample is substantially similar to the referencetemplate, the system determines that the first player continues to bepresent at the gaming machine during the gaming session. Thereafter, thesystem additionally updates the reference template by designating thesecond verification data sample as the new reference template.

An alternate embodiment provides a method for verifying the continuedpresence of a player at a gaming machine during a gaming session. Themethod comprises activating a gaming session on a gaming machine andobtaining a first verification data sample from a first player. A secondverification data sample is obtained during the gaming session and isanalyzed in view of the first verification data sample. The analysiscomprises determining whether the second verification data sample issubstantially similar to the first verification data sample. If thesecond verification data sample is substantially similar to the firstverification data sample, the system concludes that the first playercontinues to be present at the gaming machine during the gaming session,and the system continues to obtain verification data samples.Thereafter, the most recently obtained verification data sample isanalyzed in view of the immediately previous obtained verification datasample to determine whether the most recently obtained verification datasample is substantially similar to the previously obtained verificationdata sample.

An optional embodiment provides a gaming machine having a thermalimager. The thermal imager continuously obtains thermal images of atarget area adjacent to the gaming machine. Once the gaming session isactivated and information that identifies a first player is received, afirst thermal image of the target area is obtained. The thermal imagecaptures the first player positioned within the target area. This firstthermal image is designated as a reference image. A second thermal imageof the target area is obtained during the gaming session. The secondthermal image is analyzed to determine whether the second thermal imageis substantially similar to the reference image. If the second thermalimage is substantially similar to the reference image, the systemdetermines that the first player continues to be present during thegaming session, and thereafter, the system updates the reference imageby designating the second thermal image as the reference image. Thesystem then continues to obtain subsequent thermal images to perform itsanalysis, as discussed above.

Another embodiment provides a verification device for verifying thecontinued presence of the same player at a gaming machine. The devicecomprises a communication means for connecting to one or more gamingmachines and a means for continuously obtaining verification datasamples. The verification data samples relate to one or more physicalfeatures of a first player. The device further comprises a storage meansfor storing a designated reference template and an analyzing means fordetermining whether a particular verification data sample issubstantially similar to a reference template. A processing meansverifies the continued presence of the first player and thereafter,updates the reference template if the particular verification datasample is substantially similar to the reference sample.

Another embodiment provides a method for verifying the continuedpresence of a user of a device. The method comprises activating a deviceand triggering a mechanism for continuously obtaining verification datasamples at predetermined intervals. Each verification data samplerelates to one or more physical features of a first user. A firstverification data sample for a first user is obtained and designated asa reference template. A subsequent verification data sample is obtained.If the subsequent verification data sample is substantially similar tothe reference template, then the system determines that the first usercontinues to be present during operation of the device and, thereafter,updates the reference template by designating the next subsequentverification data sample as the reference template. The system thencontinues to obtain additional subsequent verification data samples toperform its analysis, as discussed above.

Optionally, another embodiment provides a method for verifying thecontinued static condition of a target area adjacent a gaming machine.The method comprises activating a mechanism for continuously capturingverification data samples of the target area. A first verification datasample of the target area is obtained, wherein the first verificationdata sample relates to one or more physical features of the target area.A second verification data sample of the target area is obtained and isanalyzed in view of the first verification data sample. The analysiscomprises determining whether the second verification data sample issubstantially similar to the first verification data sample. If thesecond verification data sample is substantially similar to the firstverification data sample, the system determines that the target areacontinues to be in a static condition, and the system continues toobtain subsequent verification data samples. Thereafter, the lastobtained verification data sample is analyzed in view of a previouslyobtained verification data sample.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent from the following detailed description, taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate by way ofexample, the features of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a gaming machine comprising an embodimentof the continued presence verification system.

FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate side-view of a gaming machine comprisingan embodiment of a continued presence verification system.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a casino gaming system comprising anembodiment of a continued presence verification system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments are directed to a system for monitoring the presenceof a player for use in a casino gaming environment. More particularly,the monitoring system verifies the continued presence of a particularplayer during a gaming session on a gaming machine. Generally, theplayer verification system employs passive or unobtrusive sensingmethods to obtain or acquire information pertaining to one or moreplayer attributes or characteristics. The information is obtained whilethe player interacts with the gaming machine or gaming system such thatno overt action is required by the player. The information iscontinuously obtained and is used to verify the presence of the gameplayer.

The player verification system provides a safeguard to casinos byverifying that the first player continues to be present and it is thesame first player that remains at the gaming machine while playing agame. Additionally, the player verification system prevents otherplayers from assuming the first player's gaming session. Accordingly, asecond player may not accrue player points for a first player.Embodiments of the system and method are illustrated and describedherein, by way of example only, and not by way of limitation.

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals denotelike or corresponding parts throughout the drawings and, moreparticularly to FIGS. 1-2C, there is shown various embodiments of aplayer presence verification system.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a gaming machine 10 having a display 12 isshown. In various embodiments, the display 12 is a viewing area such as,but not limited to, a set of mechanical spinning reels, a CRT (cathoderay tube), or a thin panel display. Examples of thin panel displaysinclude plasma, LCD (liquid crystal display), electroluminescent, vacuumfluorescent, field emission, or any other types of thin panel displaysknown or developed in the art. In various embodiments, the gamingmachine 10 may be a mechanical reel spinning slot machine, video slotmachine, video poker machine, keno machine, video blackjack machine, ora gaming machine offering one or more of the above described games.

Generally, the gaming machine 10 also comprises a gaming mechanism (notshown), which provides a game for play on the gaming machine 10.Alternatively, the gaming mechanism provides a plurality of games forplay on the gaming machine 10.

In another embodiment, one or more gaming machines 10 are incommunication with a player tracking system 14. The player trackingsystem 14 allows a casino to monitor the gaming activities of variousplayers. Additionally, the player tracking system 14 is able to storedata relating to a player's gaming habits. That is, a player can accrueplayer points that depend upon the amount and frequency of their wagers.Casinos can use these player points to compensate the loyal patronage ofplayers. For example, casinos may award or “comp” a player free meals,room accommodations, tickets to shows, and invitations to casino eventsand promotional affairs.

Typically, the player tracking system 14 is operatively connected to oneor more input components on the gaming machine 10. These inputcomponents include, but are not limited to, a slot for receiving aplayer tracking card, a keypad or equivalent, an electronic buttonreceptor, a touch screen and the like. The player tracking system 14 mayalso include a database of all qualified players (i.e., those playerswho have enrolled in a player rating or point accruing program).Generally, the database for the player tracking system 14 is separatefrom the gaming machines 10.

In one embodiment, one or more gaming machines are connected to a casinogaming system via a system network. One or more servers or databases areconnected to the casino gaming system. In one embodiment, the playertracking system is in communication with the casino gaming system. Inanother embodiment, the player tracking system is stored on a server onthe casino gaming network. Additionally, a player verification system isin communication with the casino gaming system via the system network.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the gaming machine 10 includes a playertracking card slot 16. A player begins a gaming session and inserts aplayer tracking card into the card slot 16. A card reader (not shown)within the gaming machine 10 reads the information from the insertedplayer tracking card and identifies the first player. After the gamingsession begins, an initial or first player verification data sample isobtained from the identified first player.

The verification data sample obtained by the verification system isinformation relating to one or more physical characteristics of thefirst player. Examples of the verification data sample include, but arenot limited to, a thermal image, an image from a camera, an image from avideo camera, an image from an image capturing device, a retinal scan,an iris scan, a voice sample, a fingerprint, a weight measurement, anelectronic field image, and other types of biometric data sampleswell-known by those skilled in the art.

The initial verification data sample is a reference for verifying otherdata samples. During the gaming session, one or more subsequentverification data samples are obtained, and each subsequently obtainedverification data sample is analyzed. The analysis comprises comparingeach subsequently obtained verification data sample to the initialverification data sample (i.e. the reference template). If thesubsequent verification data sample matches the initial verificationdata sample, then the gaming machine determines that the same firstplayer identified at the start of the gaming session is still the sameplayer playing on the gaming machine. If the subsequent verificationdata sample does not match the initial verification data sample, thenthe verification system cannot verify that the identified first playeris still playing on the gaming machine. Accordingly, the gaming sessionmay be suspended and/or casino representatives may be alerted.Optionally, if the verification system cannot verify that the sameplayer is still playing, the verification system may obtain anotherverification data sample to either confirm the absence or the presenceof the first player.

Furthermore, to be determined a “match” the data samples are notrequired to be identical. Some technologies such as thermal images orweight measurements can be expected to have variations over shortperiods of time such that absolute comparisons will not be possible.Therefore, a predetermined amount of variance between images is allowedwhen determining whether the data samples match.

One embodiment utilizes a processor to perform a most ‘likely’ form ofcomparison between data samples. In this regard, a processor comparesthe data samples and determines that a match exists if the samples areat least 90% similar. Alternatively, another embodiment determines thata match exists if the samples are at least 80% similar. Optionally,another embodiment determines that a match exists if the samples are aminimum of 70% similar. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, theboundaries for determining a match may be any value and is apredetermined value set by the manufacturer or casino.

Alternatively, in another embodiment, the initial verification datasample is not the sole reference template. Rather, the referencetemplate is updated as subsequent verification data samples areobtained. Once the gaming session is activated, a mechanism forcontinuously obtaining verification data samples is triggered and afirst verification data sample is obtained from the first player. Thisfirst verification data sample is designated as the reference template.As the gaming session continues, subsequent verification data samplesare obtained. For example, a second verification data sample is obtainedduring the gaming session. This second verification data sample isanalyzed to determine whether it is substantially similar to thereference template. If the second verification data sample is determinedto be substantially similar to the reference template, the systemdetermines that the same first player is still the same player playingon the gaming machine. Additionally, the system, thereafter, updates thereference template by designating the “substantially similar” secondverification data sample as a new or second reference template, therebyreplacing the initial verification data sample with the secondverification data sample. As the gaming session continues anotherverification data sample (e.g. third verification data sample) isobtained and analyzed. The system determines whether this “third”verification data sample is substantially similar to the referencetemplate. Again, if the verification data samples are substantiallysimilar, then the system determines that the same first player is stillthe same player playing on the gaming machine and the system, again,updates the reference template by designating the “substantiallysimilar” third verification data sample as the reference template(thereby replacing the previous second reference template with the thirdverification data sample). Additional verification data samples may beobtained and analyzed in a similar manner. Generally, the analysiscomprises comparing the last obtained verification data sample to thereference template, wherein the reference template has been designatedas a previously obtained verification data sample (e.g. the“next-to-last” obtained verification data sample).

Optionally, in another embodiment, where two or more verification datasamples are obtained or acquired, the analysis comprises determining theamount of difference or variance between the two samples, rather thandetermining if the samples are substantially similar. For example, afterfirst and second verification data samples are obtained during a gamingsession, the data samples are analyzed to determine whether the secondverification data sample differs significantly from the firstverification data sample. If the second verification data sample doesnot differ significantly from the first verification data sample, thenthe system determines that the same player is playing on the gamingmachine. However, if the system determines that the second verificationdata sample does differ significantly from the first verification datasample, the system will not determine that the same player is stillplaying on the gaming machine.

The obtained verification data samples are not required to be identical.Rather, a certain amount of variance in the samples is anticipated.During the analysis of the samples, a value representing the amount ofvariance is generated. If the generated value is within an allowablerange, the system determines that the analyzed data samples do notdiffer significantly and the system concludes that the same player isstill present at the gaming machine. However, if the generated valuefalls outside the allowable range, the system determines the analyzeddata samples are significantly different, and the system will not verifythe continued presence of the same player. The allowable range ofvariance is a predetermined setting that may be programmed by the casinoor manufacturer. Additionally, the allowable range of variance valuesmay be adjusted as needed by the casino.

In one embodiment, the gaming machine comprises an infrared camera andthe verification data samples are in the form of a thermal image.Referring now to FIG. 2A, an infrared camera 20 is operatively connectedto the gaming machine 10 and captures thermal images of a target area22A adjacent to the gaming machine. In order to play a game on thegaming machine 10, a player must be positioned within the target area22A. Referring, now to FIG. 2B, a first player 30 is positioned withinthe target area 22B. Once a gaming session is activated, the infraredcamera 20 captures a first thermal image of the first player 30. Duringthe gaming session, the infrared camera 20 captures a second thermalimage of the target area 22B. The second thermal image is compared tothe first thermal image. If the second thermal image is substantiallysimilar to the first thermal image, the system determines that the firstplayer 30 continues to be present at the gaming machine 10 and is thesame player still playing a game during the gaming session.

If the second thermal image is not substantially similar to the firstthermal image, the system will not verify that the same first player 30continues to be present at the gaming machine 10. Additionally, in oneembodiment, if the system cannot verify that the same first player 30continues to be present at the gaming machine 10, the system may suspendthe gaming session. Optionally, if the system cannot verify that thesame first player 30 continues to be present at the gaming machine 10,the system may trigger an alarm to alert casino personnel.

In another embodiment, if the second thermal image is not substantiallysimilar to the first thermal image, the system determines that a secondplayer, different from the first player, is playing on the gamingmachine during the gaming session. Referring to FIG. 2C, a second player32 is positioned in the target area 22C and is playing a game on thegaming machine 10. Alternatively, in another embodiment, if the secondthermal image is not substantially similar to the first thermal image,the system determines that no person is present at the gaming machine10. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, no player is interacting with the gamingmachine 10 and accordingly no player is positioned in the target area22A.

Referring back to FIG. 2B, the infrared camera 20 continues to captureadditional images of the target area 22B. The last obtained thermalimage is compared to a previously obtained thermal image. For example,the fifth-obtained thermal image may be compared to the fourth-obtainedthermal image. Alternatively, the fifth-obtained thermal image may becompared to the third-obtained thermal image. Optionally, thefifth-obtained thermal image may be compared to the second-obtainedthermal image, or may be compared to the first-obtained thermal image.

Alternatively, the infrared camera captures a first image and a secondimage of the target area 22B. The verification system analyzes the firstand second images to determine whether the second image differssignificantly from the first image. If the system determines the imagesdo not differ significantly, then the system determines that the firstplayer 30 is the same player playing a game during the gaming session.However, if the system determines the images do differ significantly,the system will not verify that the first player 30 is the same playerplaying during the gaming session.

Generally, the infrared camera comprises uncooled detectors, which usesensors that operate at room temperature. Alternatively, the infraredcamera may comprise cooled detectors that are typically contained in avacuum-sealed case and cryogenically cooled.

Various methods and procedures may be utilized in the analysis of theobtained verification data samples. The analysis provides a means fordetermining how much a second data sample has changed versus a firstdata sample. Typically the last obtained data sample is analyzed in viewof an earlier obtained data sample (e.g. the next-to-last obtained datasample).

In an embodiment that acquires thermal images, pre-processing proceduresmay be applied to the acquired images to increase the success of otherimage processing procedures. Pre-processing typically includestechniques for enhancing contrast, removing noise, and isolating regionswhose texture indicate a likelihood of alphanumeric information.

Additional image processing techniques may be applied to the acquiredimages. In one embodiment, a differential transform is performed tosimplify the image detail by selecting out the borders of objects withinthe image. Next, a set of vertices or critical points of the image areselected. For example, points of high deflection (where a ‘line’ withinthe image makes an abrupt change as in a 90 degree corner) may beselected. It is advantageous to have a large number of vertices, (suchas 100, for example). However, the initial processing of the image maynot provide adequate points. In that case, a second method for obtainingadditional vertices may be enabled. For example, the intensity of theimage along ‘lines’ may be used to select additional points. However,those skilled in the art will appreciate that other known procedures forselecting additional points may be utilized.

Optionally, a centering procedure may be applied, wherein the centeringprocedure matches a first image as closely as possible in the X-Ydimensions and in magnification with a second image in order to alignpotential vertices.

The same image processing techniques are applied to each acquired image.The resulting selected vertices from a second image are analyzed againstthe selected vertices from a first image. If a certain percentage of thevertices match, then the first and second images are determined to besubstantially similar (meaning they are not significantly different) andthe continued presence of the player is verified. In one embodiment, atleast 70% of the vertices must match. Optionally, in a differentembodiment, 80% of the vertices must match. The minimum requirement maybe set by the manufacturer or the casino and is dependent on manyfactors. For example, the selection of 70% versus 80% (as the minimum %requirement) may depend upon such factors as the environment in whichthe imaging takes place, the critical nature of the operation, the typeof image being taken, the equipment being used to capture the image, thefrequency at which the images are captured, and the like.

Optionally, in one embodiment, at least 50% of the vertices are requiredto match, in order for the images to be determined substantiallysimilar.

Generally, the image is allowed and expected to gradually change,thereby accommodating varying factors such as, but not limited to,environmental heating and cooling, temperature effects of player eatingand drinking habits, and the presence of other objects and people in thefield of view of the thermal image that can potentially modify the imagein some way. Thus, the initial image may be allowed to gradually take onaspects of the latest image in order to accommodate gradual changes.

In another embodiment, the gaming machine includes a camera (not shown).Examples include a digital camera, a video camera, or any otherimage-capturing device known to those skilled in the art. In oneembodiment, the camera is situated such that it captures images of atarget area adjacent the gaming machine. The target area is designed tobe the area at which a player is positioned while playing a game on thegaming machine. During the gaming session, the camera captures multipleimages of the target area, wherein at least one image includes the firstplayer positioned within the target area. Each captured image isanalyzed to determine whether the last captured image is substantiallysimilar to a previously captured image. If the images are substantiallythe same, the verification system concludes that the same first playercontinues to be present at the gaming machine and the gaming sessioncontinues, uninterrupted. If the verification system determines theimages are significantly different, then the system cannot verify thatthe same first player is present and the gaming session may besuspended.

In an alternative embodiment, the gaming machine includes a retinalscanner (not shown). Once the gaming session is activated, a retinalscanner acquires a first retinal scan of the first player. As the gamingsession continues, additional retinal scans are acquired. Theverification system determines whether the last acquired retinal scan issubstantially similar to a previously acquired retinal scan. Forexample, the system analyzes a second retinal scan to determine if it issubstantially similar to a first retinal scan. If the second retinalscan is substantially similar to the first retinal scan, theverification system determines that the same first player continues tobe present at the gaming machine and the gaming session continues. Ifthe second retinal scan is not substantially the same as the firstretinal scan, then the gaming session may be suspended. Optionally, in adifferent embodiment, the gaming machine includes an iris scannerinstead of a retinal scanner. However, those skilled in the art willappreciate that the system comprising an iris scanner operates in amanner similar to the system comprising a retinal scanner.Alternatively, in an optional embodiment, the gaming machine comprisesboth a retinal scanner and an iris scanner.

In an alternative embodiment, the gaming machine includes a retinalscanner and the analysis of the acquired retinal scans comprisesanalyzing the last acquired retinal scan against a reference template,wherein the reference template is a previously acquired retinal scan. Ifthe last acquired retinal scan is substantially similar to the referencetemplate, the system determines that the same first player continues tobe present at the gaming machine and the system updates the currentreference template. The reference template is then updated by replacingthe current reference template with the “substantially similar” lastacquired retinal scan. When the next retinal scan is acquired, it isanalyzed against the updated reference template.

In an additional embodiment, the gaming machine includes a voicerecognition verification system used in conjunction with an interactivegame that involves having the player use his/her voice. The voicerecognition verification system comprises a microphone and may alsoinclude speakers, amplifiers and other sound related components forrecording and/or processing one or more audio samples. Once the gamingsession is activated, a first voice sample of the first player isobtained. The voice sample may be a few seconds in duration or any otherduration required to obtain a distinct voice sample. For example, thevoice sample may be the player reciting his name or repeating a phraseprovided by the voice recognition verification system or the gamingsystem. During the gaming session, a second voice sample is obtained.The system analyzes the second voice sample to determine if it issubstantially similar to the first voice sample. If the samples aredetermined to be substantially similar, the system determines that thesame first player continues to be present at the gaming machine andallows the gaming session to continue. If the samples are notsubstantially similar, the system will not verify the continued presenceof the same player and the gaming session may be suspended. As thegaming session proceeds, the system continues to obtain additional voicesamples. Each subsequently obtained voice sample is analyzed todetermine whether it is substantially similar to a previously obtainedvoice sample.

Optionally, in another embodiment, a particular voice sample isdesignated as a reference template. A subsequently obtained voice sampleis then analyzed against the designated reference template. If thesubsequently obtained voice sample is substantially similar to thereference template, then the continued presence of the same player isverified and the reference template is updated by storing thesubsequently obtained voice sample as the new reference template.

Alternatively, in an optional embodiment comprising a voice recognitionverification system, the analysis comprises determining the amount ofvariance in an obtained voice sample. For example, a first and secondvoice sample are obtained. The system analyzes the last obtained voicesample (e.g. the second voice sample) to determine whether it issubstantially similar to the “next-to-last” obtained voice sample (e.g.the first voice sample). If the samples are substantially similar, thesystem determines that the same first player remains present. If thesamples are not substantially similar, the system does not verify thecontinued presence of the same game player.

In another embodiment, the player verification system includes afingerprint sensor on the gaming machine. In one embodiment, the sensoris a separate component on the button panel. Alternatively, afingerprint sensor is integrated into one or more buttons located on thebutton panel or the handle of the slot machine. For example, thefingerprint sensor may be part of the “spin” reels button or the “maxbet” button. During the gaming session, a first fingerprint image of afirst player is obtained and recorded. Subsequently, a secondfingerprint image is obtained. The system analyzes the secondfingerprint image and determines whether it is substantially similar tothe first fingerprint image. If the fingerprint images are substantiallysimilar, the verification system determines the same first playercontinues to be present at the gaming machine and the gaming sessioncontinues. If the fingerprint images are not substantially similar, theverification system determines the player is not the same as the firstplayer and the gaming session may be suspended.

Periodically during the gaming session, subsequent fingerprint images ofthe player are recorded. Each subsequently obtained fingerprint imagemay be taken when the player contacts the sensor on a button or when thegaming machine prompts the player for a fingerprint. Each subsequentlyobtained fingerprint image is analyzed. Alternatively, only a portion ofthe subsequently obtained fingerprint images are analyzed.

Additionally, in an optional environment, the player verification systemincludes a weight-sensing device. The weight-sensing device obtainsweight measurements from the player. In one embodiment, theweight-sensing device is a scale provided on a chair associated with theparticular gaming machine. In another embodiment, the weight-sensingdevice is a scale positioned on the floor in front of the gamingmachine. Once the gaming session is activated by a first player, thescale obtains a first weight measurement of the first player. During thegaming session, the scale obtains a second weight measurement. Thesecond weight measurement is analyzed against the first weightmeasurement. If the weight measurements are substantially similar, thesystem verifies the continued presence of the same first player. If theweight measurements are not substantially the same, the system does notverify the continued presence of the first player and the gaming sessionmay be suspended.

During the gaming session, subsequent weight measurements are obtained.Generally, the last obtained weight measurement is compared to thenext-to-last obtained weight measurement. However, the last obtainedweight measurement may be compared to any previously obtained weightmeasurement. If the compared weight measurements are substantiallysimilar, the system verifies the continued presence of the same gameplayer. And, if the compared weight measurements are not substantiallysimilar, the system does not verify the continued presence of the sameplayer.

In another embodiment, the weight-sensing device is a force-basedoccupant weight detector that employs piezo-resistive strain gauges. Thebody weight of a player on the weight-sensing device produces strains onthe gauges that change the electrical resistance of the gauges, toproduce a voltage signal proportional to the weight of the player's bodyon each sensor. An example of such a device is the microfused siliconstrain gauge (MSG) by Texas Instruments Incorporated.

In an alternative embodiment, the weight-sensing device is an integratedcircuit using electric field (e-field) imaging. This device generates alow-level e-field from multiple antennas mounted in or near the gamingmachine. If a player positions himself/herself within the e-field, thenthe conductive body of the player is detected by the drop in AC voltage.Optionally, multiple antennas may be positioned such that the height ofthe player is also detectable. An example of such a device is thee-field imaging chip (the MC33794) by Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Optionally, in another embodiment, the player verification systemincludes radio frequency (RF) transmitters and skin penetration sensors.The RF transmitters generate a RF field in a target area in front of thegaming machine. When a player positions himself within the target area,RF waves penetrate the player's skin and bounce back to sensorspositioned on the gaming machine. The chemical and reflective propertiesof the player's skin produce a particular signature that can distinguishthe player from other players.

In another embodiment, a first verification data sample is obtained whena player is issued a player tracking card. In this regard, the datastored on the player tracking card includes at least one of a thermalimage, picture, retinal scan, iris scan, voice sample, fingerprint,weight measurement, or other biometric data. Additionally, the playertracking card stores various types of data, including but not limitedto, a player's name, date of birth, address, player rating and othertypes of player biographical data. Once the player inserts the playertracking card into a gaming machine, the player is identified and thegaming session begins. During the gaming session, subsequentverification data samples are obtained from the player. The subsequentlyobtained verification data samples are each analyzed against the firstverification data sample stored on the card. For example, in oneembodiment fingerprint data is obtained from the player during thegaming session. The fingerprint data is then analyzed against thefingerprint data stored on the player tracking card.

In an additional embodiment, if the analyzed verification data samplesare substantially similar, the gaming session continues and playerpoints accrue and are stored on the first player tracking card and/or ina database. If, however, the compared information is not substantiallysimilar, the gaming session is suspended and no points are accrued forthe first player.

Alternatively, if the compared data verification samples are notsubstantially similar, the player can continue to play the game.However, player points will not continue to accrue and any player gaminghabits observed during the gaming session will not be attributed to thefirst player. Optionally, if the analyzed data verification samples arenot substantially similar, the player tracking card is invalidated. Inanother embodiment, if the analyzed data verification samples are notsubstantially similar, the player is prompted to enter identifyinginformation in order to continue the gaming session. In anotherembodiment, in a scenario where the gaming session “times-out,” thefirst player is prompted to provide identifying information in order toresume the gaming session.

In another embodiment, the data relating to player gaming habits that isobtained during a gaming session is transferred, via a network, to aserver. The data is then stored and is associated with the particularplayer. In another embodiment, the obtained data is used to update theplayer tracking card.

In another embodiment, the system captures or obtains verification datasamples at periodic intervals. For example, the system capturesverification data samples before, after or between game plays. Theperiodic intervals are periods of time set by the casino or themanufacturer. For example, the periodic intervals could be five minutesintervals, ten minute intervals, or any other constant time interval. Inanother embodiment, the system captures verification data samples afterpredetermined trigger events. For example, the trigger events mayinclude game wins, periods of inactivity, player loss amounts, and apredetermined amount or number of player wagers. Optionally, in analternative embodiment, the system captures verification data samples atrandom intervals.

In an optional embodiment, a player tracking system is not included inthe verification system. In this example, a player activates a game on agaming machine. The player may activate the game by inserting money,tokens, tickets, or credits into the gaming machine. However, in thisscenario, the gaming session is not activated by the receipt of a playertracking card. Once the gaming session begins, two or more verificationdata samples are obtained. The last obtained verification data sample isanalyzed to determine whether it is substantially similar to apreviously obtained verification data sample. If the last obtainedverification data sample is substantially similar to the previouslyobtained verification data sample then the gaming machine concludes thatthe same first player is still the same player playing on the gamingmachine. If the last obtained verification data sample is notsubstantially similar to the previously obtained verification datasample, then the gaming machine will not verify that the first player isstill playing on the gaming machine. Accordingly, the gaming session maybe suspended and/or casino representatives may be alerted. Optionally,if the gaming machine cannot verify the first player is still playing,the gaming machine may obtain another verification data sample toconfirm the absence or presence of the first player.

In an alternative embodiment, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the gaming machine may include one or more of the aforementionedsystems to verify the continued presence of the player. Additionally, inanother embodiment, the gaming machine utilizes two or more types ofbiometric data to verify the continued presence of a first player.

Alternatively in another embodiment, the verification systemcontinuously obtains verification data samples of a target area,regardless of whether a gaming session has been activated. Referringback to FIG. 2A, the verification system obtains a first verificationdata sample of a target area 22A where no person is present. Theverification system continuously obtains samples of the target area atpre-determined intervals. The verification system compares eachsubsequently obtained verification data sample to the first verificationdata sample. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the verificationsystem compares the last obtained verification data sample to thenext-to-last obtained verification data sample and determines whetherthe last obtained verification data sample is substantially similar tothe next-to-last obtained verification data sample. Optionally, in analternative embodiment, the verification system compares the lastobtained verification data sample to any previously obtainedverification data sample.

Referring to FIG. 2B, when a first player 30 positions himself withinthe target area 22B to play a game on the gaming machine 10, the firstplayer substantially changes the content of the subsequent verificationdata samples. The verification system recognizes this substantial changein the verification data samples and determines a first player 30 ispresent at the gaming machine 10. Upon recognizing the presence of thefirst player 30, the verification system obtains a first verificationdata sample of the first player 30 positioned in the target area 22B.Subsequent verification data samples of the target area 22B are obtainedand compared to the first verification data sample to determine whetheror not the first player 30 remains present at the gaming machine.

Alternatively, upon recognizing the presence of a first player, theverification system obtains a first verification data sample of thefirst player positioned in the target area. The verification system thenobtains a second verification data sample of the target area. The secondverification data sample is compared to the first verification datasample. If the verification data samples, match then the verificationsystem verifies the continued presence of the first player. Theverification system will then obtain a third verification data sample ofthe target area and compare it to the second verification data samplepreviously obtained. If the verification data samples match, theverification system determines the first player continues to be present.Next, the verification system obtains a fourth verification data sampleto compare to the third verification data sample.

Optionally, in another embodiment, once the verification systemrecognizes that a player is present, a player welcoming mechanism isactivated. The player welcoming mechanism sends a message to the newlyrecognized first player 30. For example, the player welcoming mechanismmay cause a welcome screen to be displayed on the gaming machine 10.Alternatively, the player welcoming mechanism can present a messageinviting the first player 30 to insert a player tracking card.Optionally, the player welcoming mechanism presents a coupon oradvertisement to the first player. In another embodiment, the playerwelcoming mechanism presents a drink voucher or meal voucher to thefirst player. Additionally, the voucher can be printed out for the firstplayer. In another embodiment, the gaming machine 10 comprises a messagewindow for presenting messages to the player. The player welcomingmechanism can present messages to the player on the message window.

In an alternative embodiment, once the verification system recognizesthat a player or person is present, the gaming machine changes into adifferent mode. For example, the gaming machine may go into an attractmode to entice the recognized person to play a game on the gamingmachine.

Optionally the player verification system is not limited to being usedon a gaming machine. Rather, the player verification system may beimplemented and used to verify the presence of a player at a game table.

Optionally, the verification system may be used to verify the presenceof an operator or user of any type of machine or device. Once a deviceis activated for operation, a first verification data sample isobtained. The verification data sample is information relating to one ormore physical features of a first user. The verification data sample mayinclude, but is not limited to, a thermal image, image from a camera,image from a video camera, electronic field image, retinal scan, irisscan, voice sample, fingerprint image, weight measurement and othertypes of biometric data samples known by those skilled in the art.

During operation of the device, one or more additional verification datasamples are obtained. Each subsequently obtained verification datasample is compared to a previously obtained verification data sample. Ifthe subsequent verification data sample is substantially similar to thepreviously obtained verification data sample, then the device determinesthat the same first user is operating the device. If the subsequentverification data sample is not substantially similar to the previouslyobtained verification data sample, then the device cannot verify thatthe first user is still operating the device. Accordingly, the operationof the device may be suspended and/or an alarm may sound. Optionally, inanother embodiment, if the device cannot verify the first user is stillpresent, the device may obtain another verification data sample toconfirm the absence or presence of the first user.

For example, in one embodiment, the user is a truck driver of hazardousmaterials and the device is a truck. The truck driver first “checks out”a truck before leaving the truck depot. The truck will not start withouta network connection and verification of the truck driver. Theverification system obtains a first verification data sample from thedriver. Then, a second verification data sample is obtained. If thesecond verification data sample is substantially similar to the firstverification data sample, the system verifies that the same truck driveris driving the truck. If the second verification data sample is notsubstantially similar to the first verification data sample, the systemcannot verify that the same truck driver is driving the truck. Theverification system continues to periodically obtain verification datasamples from the truck driver. The last obtained verification datasample is compared to a previously obtained verification sample.

Additionally, in alternative embodiments the verification system may beused in any situation where it is advantageous or necessary tocontinuously verify that the same user remains present, or that the samefirst user is present.

In one example, a verification system or device is used in connectionwith an automated teller machine (ATM). When a first user operates anATM, the verification system triggers a device to continuously captureverification data samples from the first user. The last obtainedverification data sample is analyzed to determine whether it issubstantially similar to a previously obtained verification data sample.If the data samples are substantially similar, the system verifies thesame ATM user continues to be present at the ATM.

In another example embodiment, the verification system is used in testtaking situations to verify the continued presence of the same testtaker. In one example, a verification system or device may be used inconnection with the administration by the Office of Enrollment andDiscipline (OED) of the Exam for Registration to Practice in PatentCases Before the USPTO. In this example, as the testing sessioncommences, a verification data sample is obtained from a first testtaker. During the test session, subsequent verification data samples areobtained from the first test taker. Each subsequently obtainedverification data sample is compared to a previously obtainedverification data sample. If the subsequently obtained verification datasample is substantially similar to the previously obtained verificationdata sample, the system verifies that the same first test takercontinues to be present at the testing session.

Optionally, in another embodiment a verification device is provided. Theverification device comprises a communication means for operativelyconnecting to one or more gaming machines. Such means may include, butis not limited to, a USB connection, a wireless network connection, orany other means for operatively coupling components together.Additionally, the verification device includes a means for continuouslyobtaining verification data samples. Such means include, but are notlimited to, an infrared camera, a camera, a video camera, an imagecapturing device, a retinal scanner, an iris scanner, a voice recorder,a fingerprint sensor, a weight sensing device, a biometric data samplingdevice, or the like.

The verification device stores a designated reference template in astorage means, such as a hard drive, flash memory or other solid-state,non-volatile memory such as, but not limited to, EPROM, EEPROM, or DRAM.Additionally, at least one processor analyzes the verification datasample and determines whether it is substantially similar to thedesignated reference template. In one embodiment the same processorupdates the reference template as necessary. In an optional embodiment,a separate processor updates the reference template.

Optionally, the verification system may be used to verify the presenceof an authorized user, such as a casino employee. Referring now to FIG.3, a verification system for use in a casino gaming system 300 isillustrated. The casino gaming system 300 comprises one or more gamingmachines 310. The gaming machines 310 may be any type of electronic ormechanical gaming devices. Examples include, but are not limited to, theS6000 mechanical reel spinner and the Alpha video slot machine fromBally Gaming.

The gaming machines 310 are connected via a network to a network bridge312, which is used for networking, routing and polling gaming machines,including slot machines. The network bridge 312 connects to a back endsystem 314 that comprises a slot floor controller 316, a casinomanagement server 318 and a casino database 320. The slot floorcontroller 316 is a part of the player tracking system for gatheringaccounting, security and player specific information. The casinomanagement server 318 and casino database 320 work together to store andprocess player specific information such as password, biometricidentification, player card identification and biographic data.Additionally, the casino management server 318 and casino database 320store information related to casino employees including biographic data,biometric information, job level and rank, passwords, authorizationcodes and security clearance levels.

Generally, a casino operator or attendant inserts a card into a cardslot on a gaming machine 310. Typically, the card has a magnetic stripeto hold an identifying data specific to the attendant. Alternatively,the card may be a ‘smart card’ or electronic button having integratedcircuits for storage and processing of user data. The attendant mayoptionally key in a password or be asked for a fingerprint or otherbiometric identifying information. This string of information is thensent through the casino gaming system 300 to the back end system 314 todetermine whether the attendant is authorized to have access to thecasino gaming system 300. If the system authorizes the attendant, theverification system then captures a first verification data sample ofthe attendant via a means described above. The verification systemcontinues to capture verification data samples to determine that whetherthe authorized attendant remains present at the gaming device 310.Alternatively, the casino gaming system 300 may also authenticate auser.

The various embodiments described above are provided by way ofillustration only and should not be construed to limit the invention.Those skilled in the art will readily recognize various modificationsand changes that may be made to the claimed invention without followingthe example embodiments and applications illustrated and describedherein, and without departing from the true spirit and scope of theclaimed invention, which is set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for verifying the continued presence ofa player at a device during gaming, said device including apparatus foracquiring a biometric data sample of the player, the method comprising:configuring a processor for (a) receiving a first verification biometricdata sample wherein a verification data sample relates to one or morephysical features of the player at the device, (b) designating saidfirst verification data sample as a reference template and (c) receivinga second verification data sample of said player at the device at a timeperiod after said reference template was obtained; and enabling saidprocessor for (a) comparing the second verification data sample to thereference template to ascertain, regardless of the identification of theplayer, and if said second verification data sample is substantiallysimilar to the reference template (b) resolving that the first playerremains present at the gaming device and if the second verification datasample is not substantially similar to the reference template (c)resolving that said player is no longer present at the device.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 comprising enabling said processor, if the secondverification data sample is not substantially similar to the referencetemplate, for issuing a signal indicative that the said player is nolonger present at said device.
 3. The method of claim 2 comprisingenabling said processor, if the second verification data sample is notsubstantially similar to the reference template, for issuing an alertsignal indicative that the said player is no longer present at saiddevice.
 4. The method of claim 1 comprising enabling said processor, ifthe second verification data sample is not substantially similar to thereference template and it has been resolved that said player is nolonger present at the device, for prompting said player to transmitplayer identifying information for confirming that the player is stillpresent at the device.
 5. The method of claim 1 comprising saidproviding said apparatus for acquiring verification data samples as athermal image, image from a camera, image from a video camera, imagefrom an image-capturing device, electronic field imaging data, retinalscan, iris scan, voice sample, fingerprint image or any combinationthereof.
 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving renewedsecond verification data samples at random intervals.
 7. A system forverifying during gaming the continued presence of a user to a gamingdevice connected to a network regardless of the identity the user, saidgaming device having apparatus for capturing biometric data samples of auser of the gaming device and for transmitting said samples on saidnetwork, the system comprising: a processor configured (i) to receivesaid biometric data samples transmitted on said network during gaming,(ii) to designate a first data sample as a reference sample and (iii) tocompare a later biometric data sample to said reference template and ifsaid later biometric sample received during gaming is substantiallysimilar to said reference template (iv) generate a first signalindicative of the continued use by the user of the gaming device and ifsaid later biometric sample is not substantially similar to saidreference template (v) generate a prompt signal to the player forprompting said user to transmit user identifying information forconfirming that the user is still using the device; and a transmitterfor transmitting at least said prompt signal to the device over saidnetwork to the user of the device.
 8. A system for verifying duringgaming the continued presence of a user to a gaming device connected toa network regardless of the identity the user, said gaming device havingapparatus for capturing biometric data samples of a user of the gamingdevice and for transmitting said samples on said network, the systemcomprising: a processor configured (i) to receive said biometric datasamples transmitted on said network during gaming, (ii) to designate afirst data sample as a reference sample and (iii) to compare a laterbiometric data sample to said reference template and if said laterbiometric sample received during gaming is substantially similar to saidreference template (iv) generate a first signal indicative of thecontinued use by the user of the gaming device and if said laterbiometric sample is not substantially similar to said reference template(v) generate a second signal; and a transmitter for transmitting atleast said second signal to the device over said network to indicatethat the user is no longer using said device.